I can tell you how it works in the U.S. If you are in the top 40 at the previous year's nationals, you get an invite for the worlds. So, the 2010 nationals set the team for 2011. This applies even if the 2011 nationals happen before the 2011 worlds.
After a deadline date, if less than 40 have signed up, others can apply and send a resume. I'm not sure who decides which of the resume guys get in.
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